What Role Does Marketing Play in Your Organization?

Is it

Reactive? Does it focus on promoting new initiatives or products developed elsewhere?

Passive? Does it respond to requests for marketplace information to strategy, sales or new product development teams?

Proactive? Does it actively develop marketplace intelligence as inputs to decision-making processes?

A driver? Is it actively engaged in creating new initiatives and developing the necessary insight required for innovative new factor, operational, organizational and marketplace strategies and plans?

Which role should it play?

Chance Favors Only Prepared Minds

Creating Crises

On January 15, 2009, US Airways flight 1549, with 150 passengers and five crew, struck a flight of geese two minutes after take-off, losing power in both engines. Four minutes later, Captain Chesley B. "Sully" Sullenberger's crew landed the Airbus A320 in the middle of the Hudson River. Aided by first responders, there was no loss of life, and the five injuries and a number of cases of hypothermia were quickly treated.

How did these teams perform such an incredible feat? Was it a miracle? Perhaps. Most commercial flying is routine and pilots rarely experience a real crisis. The FAA reports the odds of a bird strike are one in 10,000, and experts estimate the odds of losing both engines are one in several million.

Yet the crew and first responders instinctively knew what to do. They had rehearsed responses to low-probability, high-impact events in simulated crisis conditions. It's part of their job.*

The chances of an employer going bankrupt in 2012 were 0.007%**, 70 times higher than a bird strike. How many executives rehearse responses to such a high-impact crisis? OK, maybe that's stretching the point. After all, company bankruptcies don't risk catastrophic loss of life.

But what if the odds of business failure were greater than one in two? Writes Harvard Marketing Professor John Gourville, "most studies estimate new product failure rates at 50% or more," ranging "from 40% to 90% across product categories."***

Alternatively, consider the difficulty of sustaining profitable growth. Columbia Business School professor Rita Gunther McGrath writes that only 8% of the 5,000 companies with over $1 billion in revenues grew sales by 5% annually over a 5 year period, and only 4% grew net income by at least 5% annually - that's less than one in 20.****

Why not increase the odds of success by taking a page from pilot training and have teams "rehearse" in launch or growth simulations?

Master motivator Lou Gerstner, who took over an IBM in its death throes in 1993, determined that the organization had the capability to perform incredible feats, if only he could refocus its efforts. Early on, he challenged his senior executives to attack their businesses as if they were their primary competitors, in effect "rehearsing" competitive responses.

Later, in the early 2000s, IBM embedded "crisis" simulation into the strategy process. Executive business unit teams went offsite to confront their biggest challenges, such as reversing a loss or identifying how to grow revenues by an order of magnitude, in response to likely market, competition and technology evolution. To make the "rehearsal" as consequential as possible, the teams had to present their solutions to the senior-most executives in the organization - the stakes were high. As English writer Samuel Johnson said, “nothing so focuses the mind as the possibility of being hanged in a fortnight.” At IBM, the teams had three days.

Organizations can similarly improve results by running simulations focusing on assessing and responding to growth opportunities, marketplace risks, untapped sources of customer value, the next generation of customers or emerging competitive threats.

While each simulation requires a different approach, the key to success is creating a realistic environment - a "crisis" - that challenges existing mental models and addresses the organization changes required to deliver a new initiative (structure, systems, people and culture).

It's hard work, but the results can be significant: IBM's EPS increased eight-fold over the decade following the launch of the strategy simulations, tripling the share price.

As Louis Pasteur said in a lecture at Lille University in 1854, "...chance favors only prepared minds."

*Newman, Rick, "How Sullenberger Really Saved US Airways Flight 1549," USNews & World Report, February 23, 2009
**42,008 bankruptcies in the US in 2012: "Bankruptcy Filings Down in Fiscal Year 2012," US Courts; 6,049,655 employers: "Statistics about Business Size," US Census Bureau
***Gourville, John, "The Curse of Innovation: Why Innovative New Products Fail," MSI Reports, Issue Four, 2005.
****McGrath, Rita Gunther, “How the Growth Outliers Did It,” Harvard Business Review, January – February 2012

Make Haste Slowly

Effective Communications Briefs

Once you've developed a differentiated value proposition, you've got to communicate it to the target audience, using powerful language and visuals. You've got to find out where that audience “hangs out” – what television programs they watch, what magazines they read, what radio stations they listen to, what social media they follow and where they spend their time online.

Creating a winning (and by winning, I mean winning in the marketplace, not winning awards) marketing communications program requires a team of specialists: communications strategists, copy writers, graphics and layout artists, media buyers and, increasingly, social media specialists, often found in marketing or communications agencies.

How well your awareness-building initiatives succeed depends on your ability to harness the full power of these talented individuals. A good agency won’t start work without a good brief, which ensures that their team stays focused on your objectives. But developing a good brief takes time and hard work, and if you leave most of the effort to the agency, not only will you receive a hefty bill, but you and your internal non-marketing clients may become frustrated with the process. Plus, leaving it to the agency risks that they will only work with the marketing department, losing you an opportunity to engage with key business stakeholders.

The solution: create your own brief, which gives you the opportunity to harness the best thinking of your organization’s talent, and not just the marketing team. Here are some guidelines:

1. Start with your market insights. What's the big picture? What's going on in the market? What are the opportunities or problems in the market?
2. Who is the campaign talking to? The more precise and detailed the better. Describe demographics, firmographics and psychographics. Explain how the audience currently thinks, feels and behaves in relation to the product category, your brand, and your specific product or service.
3. What is the objective, the purpose of the campaign? A concise statement of the effect the communication should have on customers. Typically expressed as an action, focused on what the communications should make them think, feel, or do.
4. What's the most important thing to say? What's the single most compelling statement we can make to achieve the objective? This should be a simple sentence and certainly no more than a few sentences if absolutely necessary. Avoid generalities.
5. What are the supporting rational and emotional reasons to believe and buy? Explain why the customer should believe what we say, and why they should buy. Include all the major copy points, in order of relative importance to the customer. It is also helpful to include other information the agency might need, such as a description of the brand personality, positioning tag lines, creative thought starters, terms of direct response offers, result expectations, and mandatory elements such as the logo and Web address. 
6. What do we need from the agency team? And when do we need it?

Finally, make haste slowly. While it takes an effort to collaborate across internal functions who don’t speak marketing, engaging them in the process as trusted advisors (with marketing doing the heavy lifting) will increase both understanding and buy-in.

Don't squander this opportunity.

Hammering a Nail with a Screwdriver

Awareness Building

Marketing, in many respects, is about building awareness. After all, if customers aren't aware of your offering, they won’t buy it.

Unfortunately, awareness building is perhaps one of the most misunderstood aspects of marketing, by both non-marketers and inexperienced marketers alike.

In your marketing career, you've probably received an ad-hoc request to run an ad, post a press release or write a brochure. Each of these has a place in the marketer’s toolkit, but far too often someone reaches for the tool before adequately assessing the situation. It’s like trying to hammer a nail with a screwdriver because that’s what you have – it might work, but the odds are against it.

Successful marketing communications requires discipline. While there are occasions when you need to run, say, a spot ad as part of an existing initiative, you’ll be better off if you've done the heavy lifting of developing your marketing strategy and plan. Every single communication should be thought through and evaluated against the selected target markets and customer sets and the value proposition, whether it is an individual Tweet or a comprehensive thought leadership campaign. As a marketing executive you can’t, of course, micro-manage every detail, but that’s where the awareness-building plan, with associated tasks and responsibilities comes into play. Everyone should know his or her role, expectations, accountabilities and how he or she will be evaluated.

Start with the value proposition

A value proposition is a clear statement of the promise of value (expressed as a benefit or business result) you will deliver in answer to a customer need or problem. It answers the question “why should a customer buy from us?” Writing a great value proposition is neither easy nor quick, but here are some steps that will help.

1. Clearly and precisely identify the target segment you wish to communicate to. You may have multiple segments which, of course, means you’ll need multiple value propositions.
2. Prioritize the customer’s needs or problems identified in your insights work. 
3. Then list the primary benefit your offering provides for the expressed problem. For businesses, these often focus revenue generation or cost reduction; consumers might see more benefits in terms of status, ease-of-use or service and support. A useful exercise, once you've developed the initial benefits list is to look at businesses as consumers and vice versa. 
4. Compare this to competitive offerings and list the key points of differentiation.

With this information, write out the value proposition. Here is a “starter” I've found helpful:

For [buyers in priority segments] who need [statement of customer's problem], we provide [statement of the solution / key customer benefits].

Unlike [primary competitors], our offering has / does [statement of major points of differentiation]. 

Then test the heck out of it, both internally (especially with product developers and sales personnel) and with a sampling of target buyers.

With a differentiated value proposition, your marcomms team has a tool to create a powerful awareness-building strategy through the available communications channels: traditional advertising, digital advertising, website, direct, social media, events, word-of-mouth and point-of-sale. Assuming they know their stuff, they'll do an outstanding job.

Next: Creating Meaningful Differentiation: How Much Do You Know About Your Competition?

Most Growth Programs Fail - Part II

Most growth programs fail because they require changes to strategy. And changes to strategy nearly always require changes to the organization: new tasks must be defined, new skills built, a new culture must be nourished and leadership must be aligned up and down the hierarchy. Inattention to these increases the odds that a promising strategy delivers disappointing results.

In addition, many companies aren’t fully aware of how far they must go to differentiate new products or offerings. Effecting these changes requires building commitment on the part of those charged with driving the growth initiative.

Building the necessary commitment begins with the creation of a collective understanding of changes in marketplace dynamics: evolution of customer defined value, technology changes, channel shifts, and new competitive strategies. It strengthens as the team jointly assesses and selects the opportunities, builds a robust strategy and identifies the necessary organizational changes. It solidifies as the team identifies the key elements of a go-to-market plan that creates the platform for sustained performance. And the commitment becomes action through follow-up monitoring.

Growth Challenges

Companies seeking a growth agenda face a number of challenges:

• How do we identify big business ideas?
• Do we stay in current markets, creating new portfolios? Do we enter new therapeutic areas?
• How do we launch a growth agenda without losing ground on efficiency gains?
• How do we structure the accountabilities and the incentives to make this a successful initiative?
• How do we change long established mindsets that keep the organization from seeing and acting on new opportunities in the market place?
• How do we launch a growth initiative that has the full ownership of the management team?
• How do we ensure that this exercise goes beyond brainstorming ideas for growth to executing them?
• How do we effectively engage the business developers / sales force in a new initiative?

Which ones do you face?

And what are you doing about them?

Selling trust

At a Meetup group sponsored by I Love Marketing (lots of good tips and videos), we listened to a local entrepreneur who has developed a 6-figure home cleaning business. She has built both a loyal clientele and workforce by delivering consistently superior results and is able to charge a premium - heck, who hasn't gone through multiple cleaning ladies (this tends to be a female dominated profession) and thus is willing to pay for reliable results.

Great sales personnel (and lousy ones)

I love great sales personnel.

As much as I loathe lousy ones.

We were looking for track lighting at the local lighting store, from whom we had bought in the past. Those who've shopped for lighting know this takes some time and, often, in home consultations. After all, it is neither a small purchase, nor one you can easily replace.

Know your limits

Late last Saturday afternoon, my wife decided to try the new organic juice (imagine apple, cucumber, romaine, celery, kale and chard...all mixed together!) place that just opened.

No go. Closed.

Sunday afternoon, closed again.

Oh brave new world: Re-imagining EVERYTHING

"After 244 years, Encyclopedia Brittanica announced the end of print editions in 2012," notes Kleiner Perkins partner Mary Meeker in what businessinsider.com terms an "incredibly insightful presentation."

While you may already know this, and that Kindle is replacing books, Pinterest is replacing scrapbooks, NetFlix and YouTube are replacing Blockbuster and, one of my personal favorites, Yelp is replacing the Yellow Pages, did you know about:

A quick way to destroy your brand: cut prices, buyback shares, don't innovate

The mattress business is clearly not very restful: Tempur-Pedic's share price has dropped from $87 in April to $22 on Friday, a 66% decline. A colleague suggested I take a look at buying the stock. So I did a bit of research:

Marketing definitions from the Masters

Herewith are some of my favorites (from a blog I posted several years ago):

Phil Kotler:  "Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others."

George Day: "Understanding, attracting, and keeping valuable customers."

Sergio Zyman: "Selling more stuff to more people more often for more money more efficiently." 

Peter Drucker: "The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well the product or service fits him [or her! - DH] and sells itself."

Theodore Levitt: "Marketing is a stepchild in most corporations because of an overemphasis on creating and selling products. But selling is not marketing. [Selling] is not concerned with the values that the exchange is all about. And it does not, as marketing invariably does, view the entire business process as consisting of a tightly integrated effort to discover, create, arouse, and satisfy customer needs."

What are your favorites? Leave a comment.